@bitspook's personal website: Learning German

@bitspook's personal website: Learning German - bitspook.inhttps://bitspook.in/journeys/learning-german/notebook/feed.xml2024-09-08T12:36:46.148618ZCharanjit Singhhttps://bitspook.in/images/avatar.pngMy German learning journey starts/notes/my-german-learning-journey-starts/index.html2024-01-30T09:05:00.000000ZCharanjit Singh2024-01-30T09:05:00.000000Z

<p> I suppose it is time I got serious about learning German. I have spent more than a year in Berlin and haven't participated in any of the communities I wanted to come here for. A major mental hurdle is that I don't know German, and most of the chats/websites I can find are in German. </p> <p> Or this is just another excuse to keep myself from going out of my apartment. </p> <p> Regardless, Deutsch lernen is my priority #1 until I am fluent. </p> Videos, Movies and Tv-shows to watch for learning German/notes/videos-movies-and-tv-shows-to-watch-for-learning-german/index.html2022-11-13T19:24:00.000000ZCharanjit Singh2022-11-13T19:24:00.000000Z

<ul class="org-ul"> <li><p> <a href="https://learngerman.dw.com/de/anf%C3%A4nger/s-62079021">DW: Deutsch Lernen</a> </p> <p> DW is an online news site that has nice resources to learn german. Producers of Nico's Weg and many more good resources. </p> <ul class="org-ul"> <li>A1 movie: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-eDoThe6qo">Nicos Weg</a></li> </ul></li> <li><p> Public broadcasting companies </p> <p> People sponsored media. The thing we pay radio tax for. Has nice shows, news etc with german subtitles </p> <ul class="org-ul"> <li><a href="https://www.ard.de/">ARD</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.zdf.de/">ZDF</a> <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Shows I am watching <ul class="org-ul"> <li><a href="https://www.zdf.de/kinder/pettersson-und-findus/">Pettersson und Findus</a></li> </ul></li> <li><p> <a href="https://www.zdf.de/comedy/heute-show/">The Daily Show: Comedy + News (ZDF)</a> </p> <p> Suitable for B1+ level </p></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="http://www.3sat.de/">3sat</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.kika.de/">Kika</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.zdf.de/kinder">ZDF Kinder</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/Nfes2005/videos">Jung & Naiv</a> <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Similar to The Daily Show, comedy+politics</li> <li>Suitable for B2+ level</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li>Lists <ul class="org-ul"> <li><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=site%3Areddit.com+german+tv+shows+to+learn+german&hl=en">Reddit threads asking for tv shows to learn German</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/German/wiki/filmsandseries#wiki_children.27s_series">/r/german wiki page</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/German/comments/a748q6/what_are_the_best_german_tv_shows_to_watch_to/">A /r/german thread with many recommendations</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> My room as German vocabulary memory palace/notes/my-room-as-german-vocabulary-memory-palace/index.html2022-10-09T02:43:00.000000ZCharanjit Singh2022-10-09T02:43:00.000000Z

<ul class="org-ul"> <li>Let's build a narrative which help me convert my room into a <a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/the-method-of-loci-memory-palace" data-denote-id="20221009T024518">memory palace</a> for building German vocabulary</li> <li>We build vocabulary by learning German words for all the items in my room</li> <li>We build a little more by building a narrative around a tour into the room, and doing different hypothetical activities. Like a text adventure game</li> </ul> <div id="outline-container-Narrative" class="outline-2"> <h2 id="Narrative">Narrative</h2> <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-Narrative"> <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Ich komme in mein Zimmer</li> </ul> </div> </div> My German Vocabulary/notes/my-german-vocabulary/index.html2022-10-08T17:48:00.000000ZCharanjit Singh2022-10-08T17:48:00.000000Z

<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" class="org-left">German Singular</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">German Plural</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">English</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">Abfahrt</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">departure</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Aus</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">From</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Bahnhof</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Train station</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">bei</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">at, by, among</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">beige</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">beige</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">beim = bei + dem</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Bewölkt</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Cloudy</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">blau</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">blue</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">braun</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">brown</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">bunt</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">colorful</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Das Mädchen</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">girl</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Das Publikum</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Audience</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Deine</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Your</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">der Apfel</td> <td class="org-left">die Äpfel</td> <td class="org-left">Apple</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Der Bruder</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Brother</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Der Cousin</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Male cousin</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Der Großvater</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Grandfather</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">der Kopfhörer</td> <td class="org-left">die Kopfhörer</td> <td class="org-left">headphone</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Der Mann</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Husband/man</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Der Onkel</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Uncle</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Der Opa</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Grandfather</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">der Pfirsich</td> <td class="org-left">die Pfirsiche</td> <td class="org-left">peach</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Der Regenschirm</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">The Umbrella</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Der Sohn</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Son</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Der Speisewagen</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Dining car</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Der Vater</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Father</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Der Zug</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Train</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">die Ananas</td> <td class="org-left">die Ananas</td> <td class="org-left">pineapple</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">die Banane</td> <td class="org-left">die Bananen</td> <td class="org-left">Banana</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">die Birne</td> <td class="org-left">die Birnen</td> <td class="org-left">pear</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Die Cousine</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Female cousin</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Die Eltern</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Parents</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Die Fahrkarte</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Ticket</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Die Frau</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Wife/Woman</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Die Freundschaft</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Friendship</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Die Großeltern</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Grandparents</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Die Großmutter</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Grandmother</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Die Kinder</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">children</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Die Kultur</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Culture</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">die Mandarine</td> <td class="org-left">die Mandarinen</td> <td class="org-left">Clementine</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">die Melone</td> <td class="org-left">die Melonen</td> <td class="org-left">Melon</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Die Mutter</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Mother</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">die Nektarine</td> <td class="org-left">die Nektarinen</td> <td class="org-left">nectarine</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Die Nomen</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">The nouns</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Die Oma</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Grandmother</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">die Orange</td> <td class="org-left">die Orangen</td> <td class="org-left">Orange</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">die Pflaume</td> <td class="org-left">die Pflaumen</td> <td class="org-left">plum</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Die Schwester</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Sister</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Die Station</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Station</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Die Tante</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Aunt</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Die Tochter</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">daughter</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">die Traube</td> <td class="org-left">die Trauben</td> <td class="org-left">grape</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Die Zugtür</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Train door</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">dunkel</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">dark</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">dunkelblau</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">dark blue</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Englisch</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">English</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Familie</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Family</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">frei</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Free, Available</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Freundin</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Girlfriend</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Frühling</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Spring (Season)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Frühstück</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Eat breakfast</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Fußball</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Soccer</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">gelb</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">yellow</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Geöffnet</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Open</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">gepunktet</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">dotted</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">gern</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">like to</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Geschwister</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Sibling</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">gestreift</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">striped</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Gleis</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Track</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">gold</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">gold</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">grau</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">gray</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Groß</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Big/Tall</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">grün</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">green</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">hell</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">light/bright</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">hellblau</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">light blue</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Herbst</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Fall (Season)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Heute</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Today</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">hier</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">here</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">hinten</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">In the back</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">hörst</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">to hear</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Jeden</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">every</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Jetzt</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Now</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Jogge</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Jog</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Junge</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">boy</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Klavier</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Piano</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Klein</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Small</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Kommst</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Comes</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Kreditkarte</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Credit Card</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Künstler</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Artist</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">lila</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">purple</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Mitbewohner</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Roommate</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Möchten</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">like to</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Morgen</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Morning</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Nächste</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Next</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Natürlich</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Of course</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Nett</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Nice</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">orange</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">orange</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">pink</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">hot pink</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Regnet</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Rains</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Reisezentrum</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Travel Center</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">rosa</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">pink/rose</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">rot</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">red</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Schach</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Chess</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Schnell</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Quickly</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">schwarz</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">black</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Schwer</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Difficult</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Sehr</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">very</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">silber</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">silver</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Sitz</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Seat</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Sommer</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Summer</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Spaß</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">fun, pleasure, joy</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Spielst</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Play</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Sprechen</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">To Speak</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Stark</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Hard/Strong</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Stornieren</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Cancel</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">türkis</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">turquoise</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">U-Bahnstation</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Subway station</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Verspätung</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Delay</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">violett</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">violett</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Volleyball</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Volleyball</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Wandern</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Hike</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">weiß</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">white</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Windig</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Windy</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Wochenende</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">weekend</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Zahlen</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Pay</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Zimmer</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Room</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Zu</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">too</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">richtig</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">correct, right</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Antworten</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Answer</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">die Begrüßung</td> <td class="org-left">die Begrüßungen</td> <td class="org-left">greeting, welcoming</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">wählen</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">to choose</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Achtung</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Attention</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Der Stuhl</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">chair</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">bequem</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">comfortable</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Die Wohnung</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Apartment</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">warum</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">why</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">als</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">than</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">demnächst</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">soon</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">man</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">you, one, we, they</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">aktualisieren</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">update, upgrade</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">nochmals</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">once again</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">mal</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">times, from time to time</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">sollen</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">be supposed to</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">der Lehrer</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Teacher</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">der Wagen</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Car</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">der Mantel</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">coat</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">der Soldat</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Soldier</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">der Elefant</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">Elephant</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">die Übung</td> <td class="org-left">die Übungen</td> <td class="org-left">practice</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">das Gesetz</td> <td class="org-left">die Gesetze</td> <td class="org-left">law, rule, statute book</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">die Reise</td> <td class="org-left">die Reisen</td> <td class="org-left">journey, trip</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">das Schlafzimmer</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">bedroom</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">schreiben</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">to write</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">der Schreibtisch</td> <td class="org-left">die Schreibtische</td> <td class="org-left">desk</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">sauber</td> <td class="org-left">sauberen</td> <td class="org-left">clean, tidy</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div id="outline-container-Examples" class="outline-2"> <h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2> <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-Examples"> <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Viel Spaß beim Training mit cardiostrong <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Have a lot of fun exercising with cardiostrong</li> </ul></li> <li>Ich war bei meiner Tante <ul class="org-ul"> <li>I was at my aunt's</li> </ul></li> <li>Er wohnt bei seinen Eltern <ul class="org-ul"> <li>He lives with his parents</li> </ul></li> <li>Wo is die Zugtür <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Where is the train door</li> </ul></li> <li>Ist der Speisewagen geöffnet? <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Is the dining car open?</li> </ul></li> <li>Nein, der Speisewagen ist nicht hinten <ul class="org-ul"> <li>No, the dining car is not in the back</li> </ul></li> <li>Mein Sitz ist hinten <ul class="org-ul"> <li>My seat is in the back</li> </ul></li> <li>Ja, der Sitz ist frei <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Yes, the seat is free</li> </ul></li> <li>Hallo, ist hier frei <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Hello, is this here available</li> </ul></li> <li>Natürlich, der Sitz ist frei <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Of course, the seat is free</li> </ul></li> <li>Wo ist die nächste Station? <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Where is the next station?</li> </ul></li> <li>Ist die nächste Station Berlin? <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Is the next station Berlin?</li> </ul></li> <li>Ja, ich bin gern Kellnerin im Speisewagen. <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Yes, I like being a waitress in the dining car.</li> </ul></li> <li>Ist die Zugtür hinten? <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Is the train door in the back?</li> </ul></li> <li>Sie können die Fahrkarte im Reisezentrum stornieren. <ul class="org-ul"> <li>You can cancel the ticket in the travel center.</li> </ul></li> <li>Die Abfahrt ist in zehn Minuten <ul class="org-ul"> <li>The departure is in ten minutes</li> </ul></li> <li>Du kommst immer zu spät <ul class="org-ul"> <li>You always come too late</li> </ul></li> <li>Der Zug kommt immer zu spät <ul class="org-ul"> <li>The train always come too late</li> </ul></li> <li>Ja, Sie können im Reisezentrum zahlen <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Yes, you can pay in the travel center</li> </ul></li> <li>Gleis vier ist da drüben, links. <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Track four is over there, on the left.</li> </ul></li> <li>Der Zug hat Verspätung. <ul class="org-ul"> <li>The train has a delay</li> </ul></li> <li>Ich möchte mit Kreditkarte zahlen <ul class="org-ul"> <li>I would like to pay with credit card</li> </ul></li> <li>Meine Freundin kommt aus Deutschland <ul class="org-ul"> <li>My girlfriend is from Germany</li> </ul></li> <li>Der Regenschirm ist sehr groß. <ul class="org-ul"> <li>The umbrella is very big.</li> </ul></li> <li>Es regnet im Herbst. <ul class="org-ul"> <li>It rains in Fall.</li> </ul></li> <li>Meine Freunde wandern im Sommer. <ul class="org-ul"> <li>My friends hike in summer.</li> </ul></li> <li>Ist Englisch Schwer? <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Is English difficult?</li> </ul></li> <li>Der Junge spielt jeden Morgen Schach. <ul class="org-ul"> <li>The boy plays chess every morning.</li> </ul></li> <li>Ich spiele im Frühling Fußball <ul class="org-ul"> <li>I play soccer in the spring</li> </ul></li> <li>Es schneit stark. <ul class="org-ul"> <li>It is snowing hard.</li> </ul></li> <li>Mein Mitbewohner ist nett. <ul class="org-ul"> <li>My roommate is nice.</li> </ul></li> <li>Spreche ich zu schnell? <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Am I speaking too quickly?</li> </ul></li> <li>Meine Freunde spielen Fußball in der Nähe. <ul class="org-ul"> <li>My friends are playing soccer nearby.</li> </ul></li> <li>Oh nein, es regnet stark. <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Oh no, it is raining heavily.</li> </ul></li> <li>Er grab die richtigen Antworten auf alle Fragen <ul class="org-ul"> <li>He gave the correct answers to all questions</li> </ul></li> <li>Ich kam später als er <ul class="org-ul"> <li>I came later than him</li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> The case system/notes/the-case-system/index.html2022-10-08T10:32:00.000000ZCharanjit Singh2022-10-08T10:32:00.000000Z

<ul class="org-ul"> <li>There are four German cases <ol class="org-ol"> <li><a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/the-nominative-case-der-nominativ" data-denote-id="20221008T102105">The Nominative Case - Der Nominativ</a></li> <li><a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/the-accusative-case-der-akkusativ" data-denote-id="20221008T102600">The Accusative Case - Der Akkusativ</a></li> <li><a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/the-dative-case-der-dativ" data-denote-id="20221008T102700">The Dative Case - Der Dativ</a></li> <li><a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/the-genitive-case" data-denote-id="20221008T102926">The Genitive Case</a></li> </ol></li> <li><a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/personal-pronouns" data-denote-id="20221008T103138">Personal pronouns</a> also change with case</li> <li>Word order in german <ul class="org-ul"> <li>German allows freedom of word placement</li> <li>Meaning of sentence is derived from the case rather than the word order</li> <li>Examples <ul class="org-ul"> <li>The man pets the dog <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Der Mann streichelt den Hund</li> <li>Den Hund streichelt der Mann</li> </ul></li> <li>Is the man petting the dog? <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Streichelt der Mann den Hund?</li> <li>Streichelt den Hund der Mann?</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li><p> Prepositions that can either be <a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/the-dative-case-der-dativ" data-denote-id="20221008T102700">dative</a> or <a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/the-accusative-case-der-akkusativ" data-denote-id="20221008T102600">accusative</a> </p> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">an</td> <td class="org-left">at</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">auf</td> <td class="org-left">on</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">hinter</td> <td class="org-left">behind</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">in</td> <td class="org-left">in</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">neben</td> <td class="org-left">next to</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">unter</td> <td class="org-left">under</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">über</td> <td class="org-left">over, on top of, above</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">vor</td> <td class="org-left">in front of</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">zwischen</td> <td class="org-left">between</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ul class="org-ul"> <li>When they tell the position of something, corresponding word is in <a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/the-dative-case-der-dativ" data-denote-id="20221008T102700">dative</a> case <ul class="org-ul"> <li>e.g <code>Der Mann steht vor dem Eingang</code></li> </ul></li> <li>When they tell the motion of something, corresponding word is in accusative case <ul class="org-ul"> <li>e.g <code>Der Mann läuft vor den Eingang</code></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> Personal pronouns/notes/personal-pronouns/index.html2022-10-08T10:31:00.000000ZCharanjit Singh2022-10-08T10:31:00.000000Z

<ul class="org-ul"> <li><p> Like <a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/articles" data-denote-id="20221004T132633">articles</a>, personal pronouns also change with <a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/the-case-system" data-denote-id="20221008T103217">case</a> </p> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" class="org-left">English</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left"><a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/the-nominative-case-der-nominativ" data-denote-id="20221008T102105">Nominative</a></th> <th scope="col" class="org-left"><a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/the-accusative-case-der-akkusativ" data-denote-id="20221008T102600">Accusative</a></th> <th scope="col" class="org-left"><a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/the-dative-case-der-dativ" data-denote-id="20221008T102700">Dative</a></th> <th scope="col" class="org-left"><a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/the-genitive-case" data-denote-id="20221008T102926">Genitive</a></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">I</td> <td class="org-left">ich</td> <td class="org-left">mich</td> <td class="org-left">mir</td> <td class="org-left">mein</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">we</td> <td class="org-left">wir</td> <td class="org-left">uns</td> <td class="org-left">uns</td> <td class="org-left">unser</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">you</td> <td class="org-left">du</td> <td class="org-left">dich</td> <td class="org-left">dir</td> <td class="org-left">euch</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">you (plural)</td> <td class="org-left">ihr</td> <td class="org-left">euch</td> <td class="org-left">euch</td> <td class="org-left">euer</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">he</td> <td class="org-left">er</td> <td class="org-left">ihn</td> <td class="org-left">ihm</td> <td class="org-left">sein</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">she</td> <td class="org-left">sie</td> <td class="org-left">sie</td> <td class="org-left">ihr</td> <td class="org-left">ihr</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">it</td> <td class="org-left">es</td> <td class="org-left">es</td> <td class="org-left">ihm</td> <td class="org-left">sein</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">they</td> <td class="org-left">sie</td> <td class="org-left">sie</td> <td class="org-left">ihnen</td> <td class="org-left">ihre</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></li> </ul> The Genitive Case/notes/the-genitive-case/index.html2022-10-08T10:29:00.000000ZCharanjit Singh2022-10-08T10:29:00.000000Z

<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" class="org-left">English</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Masculine</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Feminine</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Neuter</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Plural</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">The</td> <td class="org-left">dem</td> <td class="org-left">der</td> <td class="org-left">dem</td> <td class="org-left">den</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">A</td> <td class="org-left">einem</td> <td class="org-left">einer</td> <td class="org-left">einem</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" class="org-left">English</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Nominative</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Dative</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">I</td> <td class="org-left">ich</td> <td class="org-left">mir</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">you(s)</td> <td class="org-left">du</td> <td class="org-left">dir</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">he</td> <td class="org-left">er</td> <td class="org-left">ihm</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">she</td> <td class="org-left">sie</td> <td class="org-left">ihr</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">it</td> <td class="org-left">es</td> <td class="org-left">ihm</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">we</td> <td class="org-left">wir</td> <td class="org-left">uns</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">you(pl)</td> <td class="org-left">ihr</td> <td class="org-left">euch</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">they</td> <td class="org-left">sie</td> <td class="org-left">ihnen</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Describes the <a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/indirect-objects" data-denote-id="20221008T002527">indirect object</a> of a sentence</li> <li>Answers the question <b>to who? (wem?)</b> or <b>what? (was?)</b></li> <li>Used for indirect objects which usually receive an action from the <a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/direct-objects" data-denote-id="20221008T002307">direct objects</a> (in the accusative case)</li> <li>Examples <ul class="org-ul"> <li>I am giving you a flower <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Ich schenke dir eine Blume</li> <li>Eine Blume schenke ich dir</li> </ul></li> <li><code>Der Jungen gibt dem Mann den Schlüssel</code> <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Subject (who or what is giving) : Der Jungen</li> <li>Direct object (who or what is given): den Schlüssel</li> <li>Indirect object (to who or to what is given): dem Mann</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li><p> <a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/prepositions-grammar" data-denote-id="20221008T004153">Prepositions</a> that take dative case </p> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">aus</td> <td class="org-left">from, out of</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">außer</td> <td class="org-left">besides, except</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">bei</td> <td class="org-left">at, near, next to</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">gegenüber</td> <td class="org-left">opposite</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">mit</td> <td class="org-left">with</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">nach</td> <td class="org-left">to, after</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">seit</td> <td class="org-left">since</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">von</td> <td class="org-left">of, from, about</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">zu</td> <td class="org-left">to</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></li> <li><p> Some <a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/verbs" data-denote-id="20221004T133202">verbs</a> always take the dative case </p> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Verb</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Meaning</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">antworten</td> <td class="org-left">to answer</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">begegnen</td> <td class="org-left">to meet</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">gefallen</td> <td class="org-left">to be pleasing, to like</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">gehören</td> <td class="org-left">to belong to (ownership)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">glauben</td> <td class="org-left">to believe</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">helfen</td> <td class="org-left">to help</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">nützen</td> <td class="org-left">to use</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">passen</td> <td class="org-left">to fit</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">passieren</td> <td class="org-left">to happen</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">schmecken</td> <td class="org-left">to taste</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></li> </ul> The Accusative Case - Der Akkusativ/notes/the-accusative-case-der-akkusativ/index.html2022-10-08T10:26:00.000000ZCharanjit Singh2022-10-08T10:26:00.000000Z

<ul class="org-ul"> <li><p> To ask questions, switch the position of subject and verb. e.g </p> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Statement</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Question</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">Kanada ist groß</td> <td class="org-left">Ist Kanada groß?</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></li> </ul> <div id="outline-container-Die%20W-W%C3%B6rter%20-%20The%20W-words" class="outline-2"> <h2 id="Die%20W-W%C3%B6rter%20-%20The%20W-words">Die W-Wörter - The W-words</h2> <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-Die%20W-W%C3%B6rter%20-%20The%20W-words"> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Word</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Meaning</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Example</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">Wer</td> <td class="org-left">Who</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Wie</td> <td class="org-left">How</td> <td class="org-left">Wie geht's (How is it going)? Wie heißt du (How are you called)?</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Woher</td> <td class="org-left">Where from</td> <td class="org-left">Woher kommst du (Where are you from)?</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Wo</td> <td class="org-left">Where</td> <td class="org-left">Wo bist du (Where are you)?</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Was</td> <td class="org-left">What</td> <td class="org-left">Was ist das (What is that)?</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> Verbs/notes/verbs/index.html2022-10-04T13:32:00.000000ZCharanjit Singh2022-10-04T13:32:00.000000Z

<ul class="org-ul"> <li>Verbs when not in a sentence have an infinitive ending, ending in <code>en</code> <ul class="org-ul"> <li>e.g kochen (to cook) <ul class="org-ul"> <li>"koch" is called the stem/base of the verb</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li>In German same verb form is used for things you do habitually and things you're doing right now <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Examples <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Ich <b>singe</b> oft (I often sing)</li> <li>Ich <b>singe</b> jetzt (I am singing now)</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li><p> Verbs have different endings depending on the subject of the sentence </p> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Subject</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Verb (schwimmen)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">ich</td> <td class="org-left">schwimme</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">du</td> <td class="org-left">schwimmst</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">er / sie</td> <td class="org-left">schwimmt</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></li> <li><p> Present tense verb endings </p> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Subject</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Ending</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">ich</td> <td class="org-left">e</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">du</td> <td class="org-left">st</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">er/sie</td> <td class="org-left">t</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">wir</td> <td class="org-left">en</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ihr</td> <td class="org-left">t</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">sie/Sie</td> <td class="org-left">en</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></li> </ul> Gender System/notes/gender-system/index.html2022-10-04T13:28:00.000000ZCharanjit Singh2022-10-04T13:28:00.000000Z

<ol class="org-ol"> <li>Male - Männlich e.g Vater, Bruder</li> <li>Female - Weiblich e.g Mutter, Schwester</li> <li>Neutral - Sachlich/dinglich</li> </ol> <div id="outline-container-Associating%20nouns%20with%20genders" class="outline-2"> <h2 id="Associating%20nouns%20with%20genders">Associating nouns with genders</h2> <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-Associating%20nouns%20with%20genders"> </div> <div id="outline-container-Based%20on%20Noun%20Endings" class="outline-3"> <h3 id="Based%20on%20Noun%20Endings">Based on Noun Endings</h3> <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-Based%20on%20Noun%20Endings"> <p> All the nouns with a particular ending falls within a certain gender. </p> <ul class="org-ul"> <li><p> Masculine - Männlich </p> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Ending</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Example</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Remakrs</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">-ich</td> <td class="org-left">Teppich</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">-ig</td> <td class="org-left">Essig</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">-ling</td> <td class="org-left">Fäustling</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">-s</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">-and (lat.)/-ant (lat., roman.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">-är (fr.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">-ast (gr./lat.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">-eur/-ör (fr.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">-(i)ent (lat./roman.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">-ier(fr.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">-ier (fr./ital.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">-iker(gr./lat.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">-ikus (gr./lat.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">-ismus (gr./lat.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">-ist (lat.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">-or (lat.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">-er/-r</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">But not always</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Except numbers are always female</li> </ul></li> <li><p> Feminine - Weiblich </p> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Ending</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Example</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Remarks</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">a</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ei</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">in</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">heit</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">keit</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">schaft</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ung</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">a (gr./lat./ital./span.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ade (fr.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">age(fr.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">aille(fr.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">aise/</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">äse(fr.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ance</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">äne(fr.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">anz(lat./roman.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ation</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">elle(fr./ital.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ette(fr.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">euse(fr.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ie(lat.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">(i)enz(lat.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">(i)ere(fr./ital.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ik(gr./lat./roman.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ille(lat./fr./ital.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ine(gr./lat./roman.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ion/</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ation(lat./fr./engl.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">isse(gr./lat./roman.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">(i)tät(lat./fr.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">itis(gr.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ive(lat./fr.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ose(gr.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">-sis/-se(gr.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">-ur(lat.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">-üre(fr.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">e</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> <td class="org-left">But not always</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></li> <li><p> Neuter - Sächlich </p> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Ending</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Example</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">chen, lein, le</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">icht</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">tel</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">tum</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">eau(fr.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ett</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">in (long „i“)(gr./lat.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ing(engl.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">(i)um(lat.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ma(gr.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ment(lat.),</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ment (fr.)</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="outline-container-Based%20on%20Noun%20Groups" class="outline-3"> <h3 id="Based%20on%20Noun%20Groups">Based on Noun Groups</h3> <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-Based%20on%20Noun%20Groups"> <p> All the nouns falling in a particular group, i.e nouns following a general theme associates with a particular gender regardless of how they end. </p> <ol class="org-ol"> <li>Masculine groups <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Months and seasons</li> <li>Weather elements</li> <li>Currency</li> </ul></li> <li>Feminine groups <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Trees</li> <li>Fruits</li> <li>Flowers</li> <li>Numbers</li> </ul></li> <li>Neuter noun groups <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Metals</li> <li>Countries</li> <li>Hotels</li> </ul></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> Articles/notes/articles/index.html2022-10-04T13:26:00.000000ZCharanjit Singh2022-10-04T13:26:00.000000Z

<ul class="org-ul"> <li>A grammar system that associates one of three <a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/gender-system" data-denote-id="20221004T132835">genders</a> with every noun</li> <li>There is a separate article for every gender</li> </ul> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Type</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Male</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Female</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Neutral</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">English</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">Definite</td> <td class="org-left">der</td> <td class="org-left">die</td> <td class="org-left">das</td> <td class="org-left">The</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Indefinite</td> <td class="org-left">ein</td> <td class="org-left">eine</td> <td class="org-left">ein</td> <td class="org-left">A/An</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ul class="org-ul"> <li><a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/the-case-system" data-denote-id="20221008T103217">The case system</a> adds a lot of variety to articles <ul class="org-ul"> <li><p> <a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/the-nominative-case-der-nominativ" data-denote-id="20221008T102105">Nominative</a>: who is performing the action </p> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" class="org-left">English</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Masculine</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Feminine</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Neuter</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Plural</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">The</td> <td class="org-left">der</td> <td class="org-left">die</td> <td class="org-left">das</td> <td class="org-left">die</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">a</td> <td class="org-left">ein</td> <td class="org-left">eine</td> <td class="org-left">ein</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table></li> <li><p> <a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/the-accusative-case-der-akkusativ" data-denote-id="20221008T102600">Accusative</a>: on whom the actions is being performed </p> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" class="org-left">English</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Masculine</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Feminine</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Neuter</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Plural</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">The</td> <td class="org-left">den</td> <td class="org-left">die</td> <td class="org-left">das</td> <td class="org-left">die</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">A</td> <td class="org-left">einen</td> <td class="org-left">eine</td> <td class="org-left">ein</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table></li> <li><p> <a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/the-dative-case-der-dativ" data-denote-id="20221008T102700">Dative</a>: with what the actions is being performed </p> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" class="org-left">English</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Masculine</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Feminine</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Neuter</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Plural</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">The</td> <td class="org-left">dem</td> <td class="org-left">der</td> <td class="org-left">dem</td> <td class="org-left">den</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">A</td> <td class="org-left">einem</td> <td class="org-left">einer</td> <td class="org-left">einem</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table></li> <li><p> <a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/the-genitive-case" data-denote-id="20221008T102926">Genitive</a>: expresses possession (only used in writing, in speaking dative is used) </p> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" class="org-left">English</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Masculine</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Feminine</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Neuter</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">Plural</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">The</td> <td class="org-left">des</td> <td class="org-left">der</td> <td class="org-left">des</td> <td class="org-left">der</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">A</td> <td class="org-left">eines</td> <td class="org-left">einer</td> <td class="org-left">eines</td> <td class="org-left"> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="org-ul"> <li><p> Some words can have different meaning based on which article is used with them. Example: band </p> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" class="org-left">German</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">English</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">Der Band</td> <td class="org-left">Volume (of a book)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Die Band</td> <td class="org-left">music band (group of musicians)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">Das Band</td> <td class="org-left">Ribbon (hair band)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></li> </ul> Nouns - Die Nomen/notes/nouns-die-nomen/index.html2022-10-04T13:25:00.000000ZCharanjit Singh2022-10-04T13:25:00.000000Z

<ul class="org-ul"> <li>Nouns are people, places, things and ideas</li> <li>When writing, nouns are always capitalized</li> <li>Every noun has a gender and a corresponding article to show it</li> </ul> <div id="outline-container-Duzen%20und%20siezen" class="outline-2"> <h2 id="Duzen%20und%20siezen">Duzen und siezen</h2> <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-Duzen%20und%20siezen"> <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Duzen means addressing someone with "du"</li> <li>Siezen means addressing someone with "sie"</li> <li>Don't use 'du' with someone unless they initiate it</li> </ul> <p> Du kannst mich duzen (You can address me as "du") </p> </div> </div> <div id="outline-container-%5B%5Bdenote%3A20221008T103138%5D%5BPersonal%20Pronouns%5D%5D" class="outline-2"> <h2 id="%5B%5Bdenote%3A20221008T103138%5D%5BPersonal%20Pronouns%5D%5D"><a href="https://bitspook.in/notes/personal-pronouns" data-denote-id="20221008T103138">Personal Pronouns</a></h2> <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-%5B%5Bdenote%3A20221008T103138%5D%5BPersonal%20Pronouns%5D%5D"> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides"> <colgroup> <col class="org-left"> <col class="org-left"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" class="org-left">German</th> <th scope="col" class="org-left">English</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="org-left">ich</td> <td class="org-left">I</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">du</td> <td class="org-left">you</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">er</td> <td class="org-left">he</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">sie</td> <td class="org-left">she</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">es</td> <td class="org-left">it</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">wir</td> <td class="org-left">we</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">ihr</td> <td class="org-left">you (pl)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="org-left">sie</td> <td class="org-left">they</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div id="outline-container-Noun%20Plurals" class="outline-2"> <h2 id="Noun%20Plurals">Noun Plurals</h2> <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-Noun%20Plurals"> <p> Noun plurals are 4 to 9 distinct modifications made to nouns based on </p> <ul class="org-ul"> <li>how the noun is spelled</li> <li>what gender the noun has</li> <li>how many syllables</li> <li>which syllable is being emphasized</li> </ul> </div> <div id="outline-container-Plural%20endings" class="outline-3"> <h3 id="Plural%20endings">Plural endings</h3> <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-Plural%20endings"> <ul class="org-ul"> <li><code>-(e)n</code> <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Used by 90% feminine nouns</li> </ul></li> <li><code>-</code> (no change) <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Used by family members e.g Vater, Mutter, Bruder, Schwester</li> <li>Table settings e.g Teller, Gabel, Schüssel, Messer, Löffel</li> </ul></li> <li><code>-s</code></li> <li><code>-e</code> <ul class="org-ul"> <li>Used by 90% male nouns</li> <li>Used by 75% neuter nouns</li> </ul></li> <li><code>-<umlaut>e</code></li> <li><code>-<umlaut>er</code></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>